Electrical liquid-heater.



A. 1, NICHOLS. ELECTRICAL LIQUID HEATER. APPLICATION-FILED JAN.13, 1910.

Patefited May 9; 1911.

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7M 0%. m w N W 2 m w %.w e fi M. Y n A lowing is a specification.

- To all whom it may concern.

PATENT oFFIcE.

ANDREW r.

NICHOLS, or SEATTLE, WasHinsTon, ,ASSIGR'OR To CENTRAL Manu- FACTURING- COMPANY,' OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, A. CORPORATION OF WASH- meTon.

Application filed January 13., 1910. Serial IbTo .-53 7',9Z 5.

Be it known that I, ANDREW P. NIcHo s,

a citizen of the United States, and resident" of the city'o'f Seattle, in the county of King and State of 'Washington, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Electrical Liquid-Heaters, of which the-fol- .Myinvention relates to an improvement in electric liquid heaters, and comprises thenovel-parts and combinations of parts which 'will be jhereinafter described. and particularly pointed. out in the claims.

-,The object of my invention is to produce a device for heating water or other liquids,

which may be connected with a convenient source of supply of electricity so as to heat water or through. 20'

other liquid which is passed there- In the drawings accompanying have shown my invention embodied in the form.

which is now preferred by' me.

Figure 1 is an elevation showing parts insection, ofmydevice. 2 is a sectional elevation, upon a larger scale showing the,upper portion of my device. Flg. 3 1s a transverse sect1on.- Fig.4 1s a plan View ofv one of the plates showing the insulating my present heater is to secure afform' of covering which is contemplated for one side, v

as broken away. Fig.5 is an'edg'e View of one of the heating plates, such as is'shown in plan in Fig.4. Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively' elevation and plan of the insulating spacer used between the heating plates.

One of the objects in view indesigning construction whiclwould combine high efliciency and heating capacity with cheap ness of construction, durability and ready accessibility.- As contributing largely to these results I have adopted a circular disk form for my heating elements, the-same in a preferred form being shown separately in.

Figs. 4 and 5. These consist of thin metal disks] which are adapted for assembly in superposed form and spaced apart sutficiently to form'a series of water circulating spaces between successive disks, through which spaces the water or other liquid being heated is passed. Thesedisks are assembled by passing th'rou h a superposed series thereof, of two bmdingbolts' or rods, 2,- which rods alsoserve as terminal rods to.

Specification of 'Letterslatent. Patented I connect the disks in sets ELECTRICAL mourn-HEATER.

May 9, 1911;

,tion of the bolts 2 and the latter of a size to permit the insertion of the smaller section 3]. of the spacers. v I

In assembling the plates 1 they are alternately reversed in position, so that the binding bolts 2 pass successively through a small and then a large hole, as is clearly shown in the upper portion of Fig. 1'. The spacers 3 have their smaller section 31 inserted.

' through the large hole 12 of the plates -1 and their ends abutting against the surfaces of the plates at each side of this plate. In this way the rods or bolts 2.are each connected with alternate plates or disks 1, those which are connected with one bolt alternating with those which are connected with the other bolt.

Thedisks or plates 1 are provided with holes 13 located at one side from the diameter passingthrou gh the holes which receive the binding bolts. In assembling these plates they are arranged so. that thesehole's I 13 are, in alternate plates, sides of the chamber, as is shown by the dotted lines in'Fig. 3 andby the arrows. in

toward opposite.

,Fig. 2. These latter indicate the course of the water as it'passes'through the device. The binding bolts 2 are .1; rovi ded'with heads 21, at one end, insulated by washers :20 and nuts 24 at the other end, insulated where needed by washers, by tightening which nuts the disks or plates 1 may be bound'togeth'er' into a compact mass. The .100

disks orplates thus bound-together are placed within a casing 4 which is of a size to snugly fit about thedisks. end it-is provided with an. opening-which At its lower receives the pipe 6, which pipe passes through the outer case 5, and serves either as the admissionor discharge the Q water being heated.

passage for Sui rounding the case 4 is a case 5 which is fibreferably provided at its upper end i with means to close the annular space between the twocases. The means shown for doing this consist of a ring 7 and packing 70, the ring 7 being'secured to a cap 51 by screws 52 and is screwed to the outside of the outer case 5. The cap may-also have a. packing disk-or ring. 53 to seal its joint with the outer case 5. The binding bolts 2 pass through this cap 51 and are provided with insulating washers 25, nuts 26 and metal lugs 27 to which theteed wires may 'beattached. The inner case a is provided with holes 42 registering with the space between the upper pair of plates 1, or with the space above the plates, as is desired or con-' venient, through which the water 'liows. The outer casing is shown as provided with a pipe connection 61 for water.

The circulation of water may be either in through the pipe 61, through the annular space between the-two eases, through the holes 42 into the inner case, through the holes 13 in a zigzag course among the plates 1 and finally out through the pipe connection 6; or the course may be the exact reversal of this, as is desired or most convenient.

The disks or plates 1 may be plain metal of such kind and quality as is found best for such ser ice, or, as l have found to sometimes be preferable, they may be provided with an insulating coating upon one surface, as has been indicated in Figs. 2 and 4:. The coating or layer 10 may be a glass-like glaze, such as is often given metal and commonly called enamel, but may be of any character which possesses the insulating feature. In using plates which are insulated upon one side 1 reverse the plates so as to have bare surfaces of adjacent plates facing and insu lating surfaces t: zing. That is T have surfaces of like tracter upon consecutive plates facing toward each other. Beginning with a plate having its insulating surface upward, the next plate above it would have its insulat d surface downward, and the next above I: .t woul ve its insulated surface upward arrangement 0" effect is imprm "While T hay circular disks, nothing to do .actioiu'loutonly a d feature. The other and i tnres of construction in y plates of other forms. While I pr fer to We, the two cases after the n. trateo and described, sin- 'gle case might he the inlet being at one end and l the other. The principal c car s of my invention comprise l t ed plates alosite terminals :a ting plates as eactor has. ciples of thein ibie constructive e important feabe embodied in and the zigzag course of the water through the plates. Also the means for assembling the plates to secure these results, and the insulating of one side of the plates.

The inner case 4, T prit'er'to make of material and in such manner that it is insulated from the liquid and the plates or disks "1, as by makin it of glass, lava, porcelain or other insulating material, or by Yfflillilng it asl have shown, of metal having a coating uponhoth surfaces a insulating material. The case as shown con an inner body 4 of metal having a gl 3, glaze 40, i1 upon inner and outer su..- s, suc as is employed for similar poses and commonly spoken of as enamel. Any suitable insulating coating would answer. The outer case \5 I also prefer to have insulated from the liquid, which may he done by making it of metal having an enamel. or coating 50 as shown in the drawing. The outer surface does not need such coating-as it is not exposed to the liquid.

ll hen the plates 1 are glazedand placed in consecutively reversec. ,these must be made righ and letts, so it cation of the outer circulatin5 ales 13, but when not glazed upon one s plates may be used-tor all by simply turning them half around when assembling the plates of the two series.

The forms of all the parts which comprise the he ter are such that thug are cheaply made and the design and assemblage is such that they mayv lie-quickly assembled with the minimum expense for labor. The plates 1 may be stamped out ol" sheet metal and m N be very thin. The weight of metal required is thus slight and the device may be made so as to be small in size and weight and desire to protect by liquid heater, in combinaseries of conductive plates aaving an insulating coverof successive plates opg openings permitting past .id successively through he A ices between said plates, and means for CO1 looting alternate plates with opposite pols, .:f.an electric nerator.

E2. in an electric l1. ater, in combination, a series of superposed and spaced conductive plates having an insulating covering land arranged 'to oppose like suron one side :taces of'successive plates, a casing surrounding said' platcs and having an insulating inner surface, said plates having openings for conducting the liquid to be heated successively through successive spaces between insulating and yet have very large heating surfaces so a, said plates being arranged the same and means for connecting alterwith opposite poles. of an electric the plates, nate plates generator.

3. In an electric liquid heater, in combination, a casing having an insulating inner sur-' face, a series of superposed conductive plates havin an insulating covering upon one side and 0% a size to form obstructive diaphragms in the casing, said plates-being arranged with like surfaces of successive plates opposed and having liquid passages arranged to lie upon opposite sides of the casing in successive plates, and means for connecting alternate plates with opposite poles of an electric generator.

4. An electric liquid heater having a series of superposed conductive plates spaced slightly apart, two binding rods each passing through all of said plates and being each electrically connected with alternate pla'tes, said plates having holes permitting passage of theyliquid to be heated between said plates;

5. An electric liquid heater comprising a series of conductive plates having an insulating covering upon one side and arranged in superposed position with like surfaces of consecutive plates facing each other,

ro ds passing through the insulating spacers between said plates, two binding rods passing through the plates and electrically connected, each with alternate plates, saidplates alternating for the respec-- tive rods, and having circulation openings positioned to cause the liquid to be heated to pass through successive spaces between said plates.

6. 'An electric liquid heater comprising a series of conductive plates having an insulating covering upon one side and arranged in superposed position with like surfaces of consecutive plates facing each other, and also having liquid circulating openings toward opposite sides of consecutive plates, insulatlng spacers between said plates,two binding plates and electr cally connected, each with alternate plates, said plates alternating for the respective rods, and a casing surrounding said plates.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto ailixedmy signature this sixth day of January, 1910 in the presence of the subscribing ANDREW P. NICHOLS. Witnesses witnesses.

7 JOHN A. DOUGLAS,

C. R. BARNEY. 

